An Analysis Of James A. Reed - 1499 Words

James A. Reed was a businessman during the weeks and a wildlife admirer on the weekends. Reed was born in 1861 on a little farm in Richland County, Ohio. He always enjoyed the outdoors as a child and grew up hunting to provide for his family. Later on in life he attended Coe College where he became a lawyer and moved to Kansas City, Missouri in 1887. Ten years later he served as a city councilor of Kansas City for a year; and then served as a prosecutor of Jackson County for two years after that. His popularity grew substantially and was soon elected mayor of Kansas City. Reed then rocked to national fame because of his accomplishments for the Democratic National Convention and was elected to the United States Senate from Missouri, where†¦show more content†¦James A. Reed Memorial Wildlife Area is an asset to the community that should be visited by all. James A. Reed offers stocked lakes and ponds that total up to two hundred fifty acres. In 1957 the Missouri Department of C onservation started the construction of the water holes. There are a total of twelve lakes which are all fishable. The biggest lake (Catclaw Lake) is just over forty-two acres and located on the outer edge of the Conservation ground. The Department dug the lakes based on the traffic of wildlife in the area. All are stocked yearly and monitored to keep the fish population even between the lakes. Every lake has at least largemouth bass, channel catfish, crappie, bluegill, green sunfish, redear sunfish, and bullheads. Only four of the lakes contain striped bass hybrids. There is only a limited amount of fish one can keep so fishing is mainly just catch and release. There are three docks provided for fishing throughout the entire acreage; the rest of the fishing is done off shore, on the banks, or in a boat. There are two boats that can be rented out for the day and they are offered only on Gopher Lake. There is one boat ramp for visitors but only four boats are allowed on the lake at a time. There are so many amazing features that James A. Reed offers to the public. They offer an archery range for people to practice. There are twenty-nine stations throughout the course and provide the targets for the users. They also have picnic areas and pavilions

Learning Through Conditioning Has Influenced My Life

Psychology, by definition, is the science that studies behavior and the physiological and cognitive processes that underline it (Weiten, G-6). However, to truly understand and learn psychology it is necessary to apply the acquired knowledge to real-life situations. To demonstrate, I’ll use myself as an example and apply various psychological concepts to situations from my own life. For example, I will explain how learning through conditioning has influenced my behavior and how it is possible for my memories to differ from my sibling’s memories for the same event. I will also address what motivates me to succeed as well as how I am affected by stress and how I have learned to cope with it in my daily activities. I will also explain how my personality makes me more susceptible to certain diseases. Finally, I will explain how stereotypes and expectations of obedience have impacted my life. As previously mentioned, to truly understand psychology one must be able to apply th e concepts to real-life situations. One concept which lends itself nicely for real-life application is the concept of learning. Whether we realize it or not we are constantly learning; learning from our environment, from our experiences, and through observation of others. Learning is a process by which behavior is modified through our experiences (Weiten, p. 187). There are different types of learning, conditioning and observational. Conditioning is a process by which associations between events are learnedShow MoreRelatedWho Is Lee Kamar?1638 Words   |  7 Pageslook like a fool at last place. When I was off from school, which was around November to January, I spent the majority of my time in my father’s farm which was in a rather remote area. I gained plenty of knowledge about farming as well as other little details that made me appreciate the simple things in life My behaviors were primarily influenced by both the environment and my genes. In the argument of Nature vs. Nurture, the biological approach focuses on a neural and genetic hormonal explanationRead MoreLife Span Development1429 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction The goal of the life span perspective of development is to understand how and why all different kinds of people, everywhere, and of every age, change over time (Berger, 2011). Developmental psychologists study the constant changes we experience throughout life, including physical, emotional, social, and cognitive development. Psychologists also study how we are affected by, react to, and process the world around us (Stone, 2011). The first aspect of developmental science is to understandRead MorePsychological Factors That Influence Human Behavior1079 Words   |  5 PagesFactors That Influence Human Behaviour Throughout The Life course. Introduction; According to Crawford and Walker(2010), the life course is defined in literature as, â€Å"The progression and path an individual takes from conception to death.† (Crawford and walker, 2012, p.3). The study of the life course and human development is extremely complex and could be described as interdisciplinary as it encompasses many fields of study. When examining the life course of individuals it is necessary to consider allRead MoreThe Relevance Of Christianity : An Apologetic1064 Words   |  5 Pagesenvironment receive positive classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and observational learning. However, numerous individuals do not grow up in a positive Christian environment or have had negative experiences related to Christianity. How are they persuaded to belief in God? Rick Wade (1998) in his article â€Å"The Relevance of Christianity: An Apologetic,† offers one dimension to persuading non-Christians to believe. Wade’s perspective, however, had lit tle relevance to my own conversion. I was not raisedRead MoreBehavioral and Social/Cognitive Approaches to Forming Habits Essay1390 Words   |  6 Pagesof behavior that has become nearly or completely involuntary (Merriam-Webster Dictionary Online, 2011). Behavior is the manner of conducting oneself or anything that an organism does involving action and response to stimulation. In everyday life habits are formed and intertwined with ones behavior. People are often associated with the way they behave based on the environment they come from and the habits they develop from that environment. Behavioral Theorists believe learning experiences asRead MoreAdult Learning Is The Best Known Of These Theoretical Approaches Essay1333 Words   |  6 Pagesapproaches to adult learning which have proved to be beneficial for the research on adult learning. Some of the frameworks have helped researchers think about practices across various contexts of adult learning. Andragogy is arguably the best-known of these theoretical approaches. Malcolm Knowles is credited with bringing this framework to attention. Andragogy has been broadly debated by scholars, but still remains one of the most enduring and widely cited theories of adult learning (Merriam, 2001).WhenRead MoreLearning Behaviors And Their Own Way Of Learning Specific Behaviors1251 Words   |  6 PagesEvery individual has their own way of learning specific behaviors. Some behaviors are learned through teaching while other behaviors are learned unknowingly. Unknowingly, meaning not anticipating on automatically learning somethi ng; however becoming involved in a specific kind of environment. Many people learn behaviors from the environment that surrounds them and some people learn behaviors from people who influence them outside of their comfort zones. Some people admire change and adapt quicklyRead MoreThe Child s Home And School Life1477 Words   |  6 Pageshinder the growth of my intellectually gifted student, it is important to consider the different relationships in the child’s home and school life. Urie Bronfenbrenner created the ecological model of human development in which he considered the relationships of the child’s different environments as a part of their development (Bronfenbrenner, 1994). The microsystem is composed of the relationships and interactions that the child directly is involved with. These interactions for my intellectually giftedRead MoreTheories Of Learning With Interactive Multimedia Resources980 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction In the wake of scrutinizing distinctive theories of learning, I have thought about Radical Behaviourism (Skinner) and Genetic Epistemology (Piaget) in light of the thought that these two are still the two prevailing theories in terms of learning with interactive multimedia resources (Jonassen, 1991; Atkins, 1993; Hannafin, Hannafin, Hooper, Rieber, and Kini, 1996), as I like to utilise these in the teaching of Religious Studies. As indicated by Deubel (2003), advancements in preparationRead MoreOperant conditioning plays a large role in our everyday life. Throughout the history of time people700 Words   |  3 Pages Operant conditioning plays a large role in our everyday life. Throughout the history of time people has been using this same technique in order to function in every day society. Some people may use this to their advantage and others as a disadvantage. This type of conditioning can be used in a positive or negative way. Some of the early leaders in this field of study where people such as B.F. Skinner and Edward Thorndike. These two gentleman played a major role in the concept of operant

The Financial Crisis And The Uk - 865 Words

This essay will talk about how the financial crisis influenced enterprises in the UK and in China. It’s obvious that the financial crisis originated in the United States and it had three major features: high destructive effect, long continuance and wide spreading. Many enterprises are impacted by the financial crisis in terms of imports and exports, unemployment and enterprise competition. In China, small and medium-sized enterprises are very necessary because China is a large population of developing countries, and it is better able to promote the development of national economy. Therefore, China should help small and medium-sized enterprises solve problems. For the UK, the financial services industry is a major industry, if the financial sector can’t operate properly, the British economy will become a failure. Due to the impact of the crisis, Britain also suffered a severe credit crunch. The house market in the UK is quite low. Moreover, under the financial crisis, lo ts of people can’t acquire a job because many enterprises close down. The number of unemployment increase dramatically, therefore the influence of the financial crisis is very serious. It has a severe shock in export in China. The number of exported orders decreased sharply. Between January to August in 2009, China’s foreign trade export 730.74 billion which down 22% year on year. At the same time,general trade import prices fell by 22%, imports increased by 4%, processing prices fell by 6.1% and importsShow MoreRelatedUk Government Responses For The Financial Crisis945 Words   |  4 PagesUK Government Responses to the Financial Crisis UK government was very swift in its response the financial crisis. Various measures were taken to address the economic anomaly that came with the crisis. These range from various monetary policies to fiscal policies. Some of these policies are discussed below: Reduction in interest rate: In March 2009, UK government through Bank of England reduced interest rate from 5.0 % in September 2008 to 0.5 %. Figure 7 below shows UK interest rate level from aRead MoreThe Impact Of Financial Crisis On The Uk Economy1240 Words   |  5 PagesExecutive summary The financial crisis 2007/08 led to the fact that some large financial institutions were under threat to collapse and had to be bailed out by the government to avoid a total meltdown of the financial system. The financial crisis was triggered by a combination of factors; some of them were the lack of regulations and supervision, excessive leverage practice, insufficient liquidity provision and a lack of adequate capital holdings by the banks. This report will focus on two differentRead MoreFinancial Crisis Impact on Uk Government3011 Words   |  13 PagesThe UK government has announced a package of measures aimed at rescuing banking system that makes 400 billion pound. 100 billion pound will be available in short term loans from bank of England on top of an existing loan facility. Banks will have to increases their capital by at least 25 billion pound and borrow from government. An additional 25 billion pound in extra capital will be available in exchange of preference shares. Government described as the root cause of current financial crisisRead MoreEssay on The Financial Crisis and UK Bank Scandals1056 Words   |  5 Pages The Financial Crisis and UK Bank Scandals In September 2007 the UK banking industry began exhibiting symptoms of the financial crisis that started in America in 2006. Northern Rock was in trouble and had to ask the Bank of England for help. When news of this got out customers started queuing around the block to withdraw their money. In 2008 Northern Rock was nationalised, and in 2012 it was bought by Virgin Money. Today the banking industry can be seen to be on the road to recovery. But on thatRead MoreEssay on The Impact of Financial Crisis on the Uk Job Market2471 Words   |  10 PagesThe impact of the financial crisis on the UK job market and employment (2007-2009) Module: PM021-Aspects of British Culture and Society Name: JUN YU WU Student Number: 0908108 Tutor: Jeff Meadowcroft Word Count: 1,970 Contents 1. Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...Page 3 2. Global financial crisis (2007-2009)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Page 3 3. Influence on world job market†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Page 3-4 4. Influence on the UK job market†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.Page 4-5 4Read MoreThe Impact of Financial Derivatives Market on the Uk Economy-: Before, During and After the 2008 Financial Crisis2453 Words   |  10 PagesResearch Proposal: 1-Provisional title: The impact of Financial Derivatives market on the UK economy-: Before, during and after the 2008 Financial crisis. 2-Rationale The operations of the derivative market has become a rising concern today in the world and in the UK in particular as this market could destabilize the efficiency of the financial market and the economy at large if not managed properly by its users or if a major fault occurs in the derivative market, as it plays a vital role asRead MoreBanking of Uk1564 Words   |  7 Pages1. The financial crisis of 2007/2008 and its impact on the UK and other economies Do you still feel vague about the causes and the effects of the financial crisis of 2007/8? Are you preparing for a job interview in either the private or public sector? The events of 2007/8 have shaped both the current UK commercial and business scene and are now having a massive effect on the public sector. Similar impacts are being felt across Europe and the wider world. Knowing a bit more about what happenedRead MoreThe Structure, Conduct and Recent Performance of the Uk Banking Sector1105 Words   |  5 PagesINTRODUCTION Before discussing the structure, conduct and recent performance of the UK banking sector, it is useful to provide an insight in the recent global financial crisis caused by the sub-prime mortgage crisis initiated in the US and underline its effects on the banking industry in the UK. It all started with the collapse of the housing bubble in the US, as borrowers were no longer able to meet their financial obligations and as consequence many of these subprime mortgages became default andRead MoreThe Main Structural Changes Implementation Of The Uk Financial System1708 Words   |  7 Pagesargued that the financial markets in the UK have failed to provide adequate support for industry. Identify the main structural changes implemented in the UK financial system over the last two decades and explain how these changes have affected the supply of funds in the industry. The financial system is defined by Investopedia as the system that enables lenders and borrowers to exchange funds. The global financial system is basically a broader regional system that encompasses all financial institutionsRead MoreIntroduction Of The Bank Of England986 Words   |  4 PagesParliament were subject to introduce by the UK Parliament in order to increase confidence in the banknotes that were in circulation through limiting on the rights of banks in issuing notes. This concept leads to general idea of this paper, which will look at the evolution of output, inflation, the official bank rate set by the Bank of England and government spending in the UK (Greer, 2009). It is fascinating for one to track on how the global financial integration has been evolving for the past century

Gay Identity And Identity - 1568 Words

Former President, Obama once said, â€Å"We are big and vast and diverse; a nation of people with different backgrounds and beliefs, different experiences and stories, but bound by our shared ideal that no matter who you are or what you look like, how you started off, or how and who you love, America is a place where you can write your own destiny.† Many things have changed in the past decade, the United States electing its first African-American president not only for one term but for two. President Obama administration helped expand and advance equality regarding the LGBT community. The Obama Administration provided support and equality towards the LGBT community. Numerous people have come to accept their ‘true identity’ without the fear of†¦show more content†¦Baldwin structure the narrative into two parts; part one consists of three chapters explaining how David comes to meeting Giovanni. In Part one, David asks his girlfriend, Hella to marry him in P aris, but she travels to Spain to allow herself time to think about his proposal. While he waits for her response, he moves to Paris and meets up with his friend Jacques. They all go to their friend Guillaumes gay bar, and David befriends the new bartender-- an Italian man named Giovanni. As time passes by David and Giovanni get closer, and one day they both spend a night in Giovannis bedroom. Part two consists of five chapters which contain the most important information regarding the events which led to Giovanni being accused of murder. The starting of part two David begins to have a sense of Giovannis inner despair. He knows that one day, Hella will be back from Spain and they will separate. David gets two letters – one from his father and one from Hella. His father asks him to come home and wants to know what is keeping him so long. Hella announces that she will be back from Spain in a few weeks and that her answer to Davids proposal of marriage is yes. Giovanni and David get into an argument over Davids sexuality and lover choice. Giovanni is upset at this situation, so instead, he goes back to the bar he used to work at, in hopes of getting rehired. Since theShow MoreRelatedGay s Personal Identity Attributes1428 Words   |  6 PagesPersonal Identity Attributes In the human society, whether you are rich or poor, you have your own social identity, as gay men, what is the social identity of gay men? Do all the gay men see themselves the same or different? How do they deals with their various identities in the society? Actually, with the marked increase in the visibility of gay men in popular culture, many scholars have studied this issue and tried to explore the mysterious group. However, a systematic theory about the gay men hasRead MoreGay And Homosexual Identity : Is It Defined As A Person?1495 Words   |  6 Pagesdesires toward another of the same sex† (Merriam-Webster). Nonetheless, movies, books, television shows, and other forms of media evidently display that we have become a society that defines homosexual identity in relation or opposition to heterosexual identity. The emphasis on heterosexual identity as the norm forces males to exaggerate or display more of their masculine traits to stay with heterosexual stereotype. The popular television series, Glee, contributes to evidence of society definingRead MoreThe Sexual Identity of Gay Asian Men4589 Words   |  19 Pages Engendering the Subaltern Subject: The Sexual Identity of Gay Asian Men We live in a world wherein we are controlled by our society. Society dictates what can and cannot be done, what is right and wrong, what is to be accepted and what is to be shunned. In our world today, we feel the need to conform to the norm, to feel as though we somehow belong, that we are a part of something bigger – that we belong to a community. In our world today, we are also encouraged to set ourselves apart from everyoneRead MoreThe Gay Script : When Teenagers Link Their Identity898 Words   |  4 PagesThe gay script: when teenagers link their identity to homosexuality Despite someone’s own convictions about homosexuality, it is important to remind that rather than imposing personal beliefs, a Christian therapist is there to assist and help these teenagers to choose what the best is for them by presenting all the possible alternatives for their future. As we have seen, the most pressing option for a young person who experiences same-sex attraction is to form a gay identity. This is the most compellingRead MoreSexual Identity And Development : The Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, And Transgender1542 Words   |  7 PagesSexual Identity Development The lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) community has never received as much attention as they are right now. Much of this attention is stemming from this population struggling to obtain the same rights given to the remainder of the population. The LGBT community faces many challenges in their personal system, social environment, and then in the public system. In working with the LGBT population, the social worker needs to examine how the individual viewsRead MoreCollective Identity Within The Gay Community And Women s Liberation Movement Essay2212 Words   |  9 Pages Collective Identity within the Gay Community and Women’s Liberation Movement The gay community and women’s liberation movement were both formed through collective identities and political/oppositional consciousness. Moreover, both groups were discriminated against by external social structures and yet, succeeded due to internal factors. Whittier and Taylor describe collective identity as â€Å"the shared definition of a group that derives from member’s common interests, experiences, and solidarity†Read MoreThe Promised Analysis of Gay Suburbia1325 Words   |  5 Pagesanalysis of gay suburbia. Brekhaus presents a thorough investigation of human identity construction, which just so happens to apply well to gay suburban life in America. The title refers to the three main types of identity management that people use to construct their sense of self. Brekhaus defines his terms well. Identity is defined in three ways; or, there are three different types of identity. These three identity types include the following: first, there are broad grou p identities; then, thereRead MoreGay, Straight, And The Reason About Sexual Orientation1236 Words   |  5 Pagessports have (slowly but surely) began to accept openly gay members. Most importantly, a recent amendment to the Marriage Act of 1961 now defines marriage as a union of two people; an amendment which removed the prohibition of same-sex marriages. These landmarks in the progression of social awareness surrounding sexual orientation are derivative of scientific findings disputing the choice theory. As outlined in Simon LeVay s book, Gay, Straight, and the Reason Why, the result of someone sRead MoreCharacteristics Of A Horizontal Identity1052 Words   |  5 PagesQuestion 1 Each individual possesses an identity that makes him or her unique in their own special way. This identity is considered a marker that helps define and shape the person, even as they develop by means of age or wisdom. In addition to that, various factors, such as ethnicity, gender, religion, language, or culture, contribute to establishing one’s identity. Although each identity is different, Andrew Solomon acknowledges another difference amongst one’s identity. This difference depends on whetherRead MoreSexual Identity Development1056 Words   |  5 PagesD’Augelli’s Model of Lesbian, Gay and Bisexual Development There are several theorists that have presented models on sexual identity development. Many of the models have stages of sexual identity development suggesting that certain characteristics are present during a specific period. However, Anthony D’Augelli presents a model that suggests processes rather than stages. These processes take place over the span of one’s life and not necessarily in any specific order or fashion. D’Augelli’s (1994a)

Literature Final Free Essays

â€Å"Annabel Lee† stands as one of the most famous â€Å"death† poems of the nineteenth century, although it’s stature is certainly matched by Walt Whitman’s â€Å"When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom’d,† a poem which uses a number of   similar poetic devices, but rests upon an entirely different form. Like Poe’s most famous poem â€Å"The Raven,† his â€Å"other† famous poem â€Å"Annabel Lee† is steeped in musical diction and meter, with a view toward creating a lyric tension between the sweetness and musicality of the poem’s meter and form and the more profound and perhaps less idealized potency of the poems themes: which is human mortality. By combining technical precision with a theme of magnitude, Poe pursued his policy and prescription for poetic composition as outlined in his essays â€Å"The Poetic Principle† and the â€Å"Rational of Verse† â€Å"The Philosophy of Composition:† â€Å"the notions of his negligible ‘Philosophy of Composition’ and ‘The Poetic Principle’. We will write a custom essay sample on Literature Final or any similar topic only for you Order Now Its resources seem devices. Every effect seems due to an expedient. The repetend and the refrain are reliances with him — not instrumental, but thematic. At least they constitute rather than create the effect — which has therefore something otiose and perfunctory about it† (Foerster 239). The opening lines: â€Å"It was many and many a year ago/ In a Kingdom by the Sea† signal the intention not only to create a musical pattern with words as by the deliberate redundancy of â€Å"many and many† but also to posit and idealized world against that of grim reality. The repetition of many reveals that the ideal time of a â€Å"Kingdom by the Sea† has passed and this generates an immediate thematic tension. Similarly, Whitman’s poem begins with an evocation of time past: â€Å"When lilacs last in the dooryard bloom’d,/And the great start early dropp’d in the western sky in the night.† In both  poems, the hearkening back toward an idealized time first glimpsed at the poem’s beginning will recur throughout the body of the poem in both imagery and diction: in Poe’s poem, as an obvious refrain, in Whitman’s as a series of extended modulations of the original theme; with the free-verse poem flowing through many permutations of the original â€Å"lilac-nostalgia† imagery. It is worth noting that the formality of Poe’s stanza forms with carefully placed rhyme and  enjambment contrasts not only technically, but thematically, with Whitman’s sprawling free-verse form. The former carefully predicts the poem’s ending in the meter, the inevitable sway toward a definite conclusion, like fate. The latter’s form, loosed from metrical and rhyme constraints seems to â€Å"grow† rather than follow its inevitable almost mathematically destined end. The technical consequences are obvious: Poe’s poem will impress itself upon memory much more easily than Whitman’s and thus be received more organically; whereas Whitman’s (according to Poe’s doctrines) is apt to fascinate by virtue of individual images and lines. The thematic consequence is a different matter. Poe’s succinct and mathematical form serves to enhance the poem’s grave themes of personal loss and morning, sparking within the poem an indelible timelessness, an eternal melancholy, which is precisely the theme of the poem. One can imagine the poems meter and rhyme scheme quite easily projected into a musical melody without words which would result in much the same manner of â€Å"bright† misery. On the other hand, the free-verse   form of Whitman’s poem, were it projected as a musical number, might be more aptly described as an improvisational melody with a â€Å"pop† arrangement. The impact of the form on the theme of mortality, is to set in motion, the imagination’s perception that death contains within it motion, growing, an evolution of life and rebirth. â€Å"I mourn’d, and yet shall mourn with ever-returning spring.† This line with its conspicuous use of the word  Ã¢â‚¬Å"ever-returning† rather than â€Å"every†indicates the poem’s death-rebirth cyclical theme. Poe’s poem, by contrast, closes in a monochromatic, monotonic— one might say paralytic submission to death. Though there is a hint of release in the poem’s narrator rejoining his departed lover’s corpse, there is no indication of rebirth or of growth beyond this mutual oblivion. â€Å"In the sepulchre there by the sea,/In her tomb by the sounding sea.† This close is simultaneously an urge toward and away from death: but that ambiguity is trumped by the over-reaching reality of the â€Å"sea† which, in terms of the poem, indicates oblivion. At the close of Whitman’s poem, nature is viewed as sympathetic and in harony wiht the mourning of the observer; a cleansing and cathartic experience is implied. â€Å"For the sweetest, wisest soul of all my days and lands— and/this for his dear sake,/Lilac and star and bird twined with the chant of my soul,/There in the fragrant pines and cedars dusk and dim.† Rather than oblivion, nature offers brotherhood and renewal, as implied by the continuous symbol of the lilacs. Poe’s poem acknowledges and imparts the sense of life and death being in continuous friction â€Å"The angels not so happy in Heaven,?Went envying her and me† while Whitman vies death in life in continuous balance and integration â€Å"Come lovely and soothing death,/Undulate around the world. Serenely arriving, arriving,/In the day, in the night, to all, to each,/sooner or later delicate death.† Nothing could illustrate the contrast between the two poems and poets more than Whitman’s phrase â€Å"delicate death.† In â€Å"Annabel Lee, the delicate ones are the people, the humans who must succumb to death; for Whitman humanity is stronger than death and death is viewed as a part of the universal extension of human experience: it is delicate, not oppressive. This essential difference in the poems is reflected in their form and expression.   The more  controlled and fatalistic intonations of Poe and the â€Å"organic† reflective and lyrically introspective tribute by Whitman. In each case, the poet confronts the death of a beloved and reaches through their deep identification with the departed to a summation of the nature of death: for Poe is it everlasting oblivion, an for Whitman it is cyclical renewal. For both poets, the subject of human mortality provided fertile ground to create lasting poems that resonate across time. SECTION 2 Using a story each by Edgar Allen Poe and Washington Irving, describe how the Romantic writer used the supernatural to engage the reader’s imagination and then explain why Romantics were drawn to the supernatural Though many Gothic writers have earned a deserved reputation for a preoccupation with the supernatural, it is often the case that this same fascination, slanted toward the rational or â€Å"debunking† of commonly held superstitions and idea about supernatural forces, has been overlooked. Two good examples of this tendency are Washington Irving and Edgar Allen Poe, both of whom are well-revered as writers of â€Å"ghost stories† or â€Å"scary stories† which deal with the fantastic. However, both Poe and Irving posit a rational, anti-superstitious motif in their well-known stories: as a cases in point we may review â€Å"The Legend of Sleepy Hollow† by Irving and â€Å"The Sphinx† by Edgar Allen Poe. â€Å"The Legend of Sleepy Hollow,† rather than celebrating supernatural forces or positing them as actual forces at work in the real world, uses the idea or fallacious belief in supernatural forces to drive the story’s plot and them: â€Å"Irving’s denial of the fantastic begins with The Sketch Book, and, although his strategy changes, the goal remains the same in all four works. John Clendenning has noted the debunking of the Gothic tradition in the three famous inserted stories of The Sketch Book: â€Å"Rip Van Winkle†, â€Å"The Spectre Bridegroom†, and â€Å"The Legend of SleepyHollow† (Brodwin 53). The Legend of Sleepy Hollow is based in â€Å"the uncanny,† a genre which allows the reader to decide â€Å"that the laws of reality remain intact and permit an explanation of the phenomena described. In this case, we know that it is really Brom Bones, not the Galloping Hessian, who has pursued Ichabod Crane†(Brodwin 54). This is seemingly an anti-romantic idea: de-emphasizing imaginary or delusional aspects for those drawn out of pure rationality. Similarly, Poe in â€Å"The Sphinx†posits opposite minded characters, confronted with an uncanny experience, one which disavows the supernatural, the other, the narrator who claims :†A favorite topic with me was the popular belief in omens— a belief which, at this epoch in my life, I was almost seriously disposed to defend.† This is opposite the attitude of Ichabod Crane who expresses a disbelief in supernatural forces, but harbors a secret fear of them. â€Å"Because there is already a legend about the Hessian, Ichabod’s disappearance can be explained by recourse to the supernatural, although the schoolmaster’s rivalry with Brom Bones over Katrina van Tassel is the obvious cause. Once again the possibility of the fantastic is raised for the sole purpose of being denied;† in this way, Irving emphasizes the role of rationality in a disordered world. â€Å"Such a strategy indicates that Irving was not just parodying the excesses of contemporary Gothic and romantic fiction, which can be commended† he was also attempting to magnify the scope of fiction as both philosophically and morally instructive (Brodwin 54) Poe’s â€Å"The Sphinx† also posits the possibility of a grand â€Å"supernatural†event, only forthe purposes of debunking it through rational faculties. â€Å"Poe was also a born humorist equally inspired by parody and self-mockery. In an anti-romantic vein so common among the popular humorists of his time, he enjoyed applying his acumen to deride the outpourings of emotions too often surging from mediocre fiction and poetry† (Royot 57). If â€Å"The Sphinx† can be profitably viewed as Poe’s gesture toward self-humor and also as a gesture toward the supremacy of rational thought over superstition it is no surprise. Other tales deal in this fashion with the same themes most notably the â€Å"Dupin† stories: Murders in the Rue Morgue, The Purloined Letter, and The Mystery of Marie Roget. But Poe also dealt with â€Å"ratiocination† in other celebrated stories such as â€Å"The Gold Bug† and â€Å"Maelzel’s Chessplayer. For Poe, it was possible for supernatural forces to exist, as well as for misapprehension of known forces for those of supernatural origin. However, as a plot device in fiction, Poe was notably against the sue of supernatural forces without organic cause:â€Å"Objecting to incredible or improbable elements in the narrative, Poe claims that unraveling a plot by awkwardly appealing to the supernatural constitutes an affront to artistic standards. This censure of Bird’s idiosyncratic characters and extraordinary plot devices may seem like an early call for realism in fiction, but the review calls for more than minute attention to credible detail† (Ljungquist 9) In fact ‘The Sphinx† hardly reconciles its dichotomy of the known and unknown, the real and imagined: as a case in point we view his â€Å"explanation† for the apparition in the story, of the so-called Sphinx, which turns out to be nothing more than a beetle! However, the beetle in question posited as a scientific explanation for irrational experience is, in itself, a fancy of Poe’s! â€Å"Indeed, this synthetic bug is probably, through the story, the best known of all beetles, even if, like the â€Å"sea coast of Bohemia,† it never existed. Poe at times had almost an impish delight in the inaccuracy of unessentials. (Quinn 131) The appeal of the supernatural to Gothic and Romantic writers was both genuine and also as a sub-genre within to create cautionary tales regarding the integrity of human rationality in the face of what appear to be illogical, or supernatural occurrences. References Brodwin, S. (Ed.). (1986). The Old and New World Romanticism of Washington Irving. New York: Greenwood Press. Foerster, N. (Ed.). (1930). American Critical Essays, XIXth and XXth Centuries. London: H. Milford, Oxford University Press. Ljungquist, K. P. (2002). 1 The Poet as Critic. In The Cambridge Companion to Edgar Allan Poe, Hayes, K. J. (Ed.) (pp. 7-19). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. Quinn, A. H. (1941). Edgar Allan Poe A Critical Biography. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts. Royot, D. (2002). 4 Poe’s Humor. In The Cambridge Companion to Edgar Allan Poe, Hayes, K. J. (Ed.) (pp. 57-70). 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Business Research Proposal Indian Consumers

Question: Describe about the Business Research Proposal for Indian Consumers. Answer: Introduction: India is changing its traditional behavior rapidly. Those days are now history when people of India used to wait for Sundays to shop. Everything that India does today have changed for the good, be it in the education sector or in the buying behavior of consumers. Technology has played a major part along with the media to change the way the world shops today. There has been past reports which suggest that Indian consumers were not that much educated in the sense that they did not enquire much about a particular product before buying it, but that is not the case anymore (Babbie 2015). They have become product literate. This younger generation is shopping more these days and they are brand conscious, not anymore of those types who for the sake of buying collected anything and everything. The Indian retail sector is a booming industry, an industry that sees itself placed among the top five retail markets of the world based on growth and economic value (Barnes and Hunt 2013). The retail s ector is not constrained to the major cities and metros, but has also made its presence felt in the smaller cities of the country. Hyderabad is a major hub of India. It is the place where India has got some of the biggest universities that attracts a large number of students from all over the country. Students have so much to buy, and so little time to shop because of their other commitments. According to Chatterjee and Ghosal (2014), online shopping has been a major boost for them, where they can shop anytime and every time according to their needs and wants. It is that section of our society that has taken a liking to this e-commerce concept. They find it convenient and time saving than the traditional one. The Online marketers have done well in bridging the gap between the demand and supply that exists in the market due to lack of physical stores or unavailability of certain brands (Mukherjee and Michal 2016). This study will look to focus on the factors that affect the buying be havior of e-commerce customers in Hyderabad. Literature Review: In this study the focus will be on the students of Hyderabad and their buying behavior affecting the e-commerce industries, so the students will be stated as consumers from here on. Consumers purchase or buy a thing in order to satisfy their needs and wants. A particular consumers need and want can depend on a lot of factors based on the age, attitude, fashion style and psychology (Kalia, Kaur and Singh 2015). These are internal in nature; certain external factors too, decide the way and what a consumer purchases, though they are beyond his control (Singh 2016). It is definitely not the first time that a research is been done on the given topic, there has been many in the past and there will be many too in the coming years. Researchers have tried analyzing in different ways on how and what affects the consumers buying behavior and the implications it have on the industry. These factors can be psychological, social or personal. According to Kaur (2014) the factors can be internal or e xternal too. Marketers need to understand the consumers behavior which is generally complex in nature. Many of such factors are beyond the hands of marketers but still they need to take all those parameters into consideration. Consumer behavior is an integral part of marketing, a part which has got tons of importance for the companies engaged in this field (Iyer et al. 2013). Consumer behavior portrays on how an individual or an organization buy or choose goods and dispose them off too based on certain aspects like branding, taste an price. Internet has taken the world by storm and it has provided people with platform that makes shopping easier and smoother like never before. It is fast, it is reliable and the experience it provides is unique. The internet has brought the suppliers and buyers to the same platform where they can interact with each other and sort out on issues which concern any of the parties (Chatterjee 2015). This 21st century has witnessed the uprising of internet commercial business. The world has become a smaller place in real sense with people of one corner of the world getting access to a product lying in another corner of the world (Niranjanamurthy et al. 2013). The global market is going mad over this concept of e-commerce. India is not far behind too, but still needs to cover a lot of distance before it actually declare itself as an e-commerce based country (Waghmare 2012). The e-commerce concept has done one favor to the global consumers. It has reduced the cost of products to a certain level a nd makes it easier for consumers to experience products they never thought they would even a few years back (Kumar 2015). E-commerce is such a concept that has made buying and selling of goods a fun affair. Marketers as well as the consumers need to follow certain easy steps for experiencing e-commerce business on a daily basis (Khan and Uzma 2013). This paper investigates the relationship between the shopping intent of college students in Hyderabad and their perceived expediency. The present focus will be on some of the factors that might influence the students to go for online shopping: - There are certain ways the companies follow in showcasing their products to the consumers through online. They make use of search engine marketing (SEM) for the purpose of web advertising in making their goods and services available on the search engine result pages (SERPs) of top websites like google and bing (Thamizhvanan and Xavier 2013). The whole idea of SEM is to efficiently utilize the search engine advertisements that emerge on SERP. The strategy of targeting the potential consumers through SEM has proved to be successful in recent times. Companies through SEM bring in the desired traffic to their sites which in turn improves their return on investment (ROI) (PT JOSEPH 2015). -there is presence of lots of online shopping malls in the area. This has opened up a window of opportunity for e-retailers to connect not only locally but also internationally. Online Shopping malls generally attract a lot of consumers which is the sole reason why e-retailers join them to bring in more traffic to their websites (Kumar and Dange 2014). The e-retailers are able to produce a lot of information so as to discover marketing opportunities. -Online shopping does save a lot of time and as students are consumers in this study, it is imperative that students do have a lot of other important things to do other than online shopping (Saini 2014). The measure is convenient too as shoppers can find relevant information in the websites regarding the products they want to buy. It helps in enhancing their purchase decision. -there is a possibility of a refund if the online shopper is not satisfied with a particular product after receiving it. E-commerce has given this opportunity to e-retailers where they can have these refund policies for consumer to return back products either for refunds or for exchanges (Mohapatra 2013). -there is this concept of auction websites where consumers can get hold of a lot of products and services with lots on offer. The online shoppers can recommend for this product with the help of compared and evaluated value with auctioneers selling the products to bidders who propose the highest possible price. Hypothesis: The usage of e-commerce is vast globally, but not that much in India and as mentioned, in Hyderabad too. H0: Scope of e-commerce business in India is huge keeping in mind the population at large still not under the influence of internet H1: Scope of e-commerce business in India is not that much keeping in mind the population at large still not under the influence of internet Objectives of the Study: -Identifying the popularity of e-commerce as used by different student groups -To identify the purposes of e-commerce in Hyderabad -Listing out the most favorable products suitable for e-commerce in India Research Design and Methodology: This research paper will make use of the descriptive mix method and based on this the research paper will be designed. The main idea is to do a survey and identify the exact buying behavior of students. The researcher has taken into account three ways through which he would investigate and analyze the collected data in order to come to a conclusion and accomplishment of this project. The first of the three is to make a survey on the currents student of Chaithanya Bharathi Institute of Technology College in Hyderabad. Next in line would be to observe and investigate the buying behavior persisting with the students in their daily lives. For better understanding of the research paper, the researcher has thought of putting in a case study related to the matter. The primary objective of this research study is to recognize the extent to which e-commerce has an effect in the Indian markets and the impact the students in Hyderabad on this sector. As stated earlier, research method is descriptive in nature taking into account both the quantitative and qualitative approaches. The survey questions that were provided to students consisted of some quantitative data related to age numbers, income figures and sex to have a broader view on the research study. Variables: All the variables selected for the research study are both objective and subjective. The whole idea is to have a clear view on the purchasing decisions or buying behavior of the students with the help of internet through highlighting the facts about their gender and age groups. There are presences of some other variables like the income level associated with each of them which can in turn give a clear picture the level of participation among the higher and lower income groups. Gnatt Chart A gnat chart is being provided for the whole schedule Research Process: The research process has been carried out by the researcher by visiting the Chaithanya Bharathi Institute of Technology College in Hyderabad and the questionnaires were then handed out to the 100 students who can comprehensively finish it manually. A general overview has been provided for the students to understand what exactly is going on and what the researcher is looking for. Until and unless the students get a clear image of what exactly this is all about, their answers could come from all directions and the whole idea of this research would get subdued. Data Collection and Analysis Techniques: The research papers idea is to come across the different behaviors as shown by students while purchasing or buying products online. For the same, primary data is being given the prime importance where survey is being done on the 100 students from a Hyderabad college. Apart from this questionnaire the students were asked to attend group interviews, as well as in individual level to understand their buying behavior and the knowledge they possess about the purchase decision factors both in offline and online shopping. The correlation technique has been taken into consideration for evaluating the independent data and subjective technique for the dependent ones. The data interpretation is done through qualitative and statistical measures. The researcher made use of the Statistical Package for social science or the SPSS program to interpret the surveyed data along with the usage of Excel. The tabulated data form then is properly analyzed and compared with the help of the any of the above programs. Mean, medians and standard deviations along with the frequencies is put in use to calculate and analyze the descriptive part of the research study. It has been seen over the years that the buying behavior of male students varies from that of the female students which needs to be depicted in this research study in order to have a clearer picture. This comparison between the two genders and their buying behavior both offline and online can be portrayed through scatter plot diagram through the help of SPSS pro gram. Regression analysis could also have been implemented to conclude the exact relation between independent and dependent variables given in the survey questions. Expected Research outcome: To get the perfect results the preparation should be perfect too. A right questionnaire has the ability in finding out the right results associated with a study. In this case, a proper questionnaire can bring about the proper results related to the buying behavior of students. There are certain products which are commonly purchased online by the students like that of train and flight tickets, gadgets, apparels and other accessories. However, there are certain products that do need a touch or a feel before a consumer decides to buy that product, a valid reason for why students might still opt for offline sales in some cases like that of clothes, shoes and certain other things. It is quite imperative that some of the students may not have e-banking services which might affect the students going for online purchase. A thing which has some advantages is bound to have certain issues related with it too. Students not having some of the facilities to go for online purchase is a major issue which can affect the e-commerce industry, plus students also have this notion that it is not viable to share personal details related to debit and credit cards over the internet. Out of the 100 students 40 did mention that to save time they go for online shopping, with the next 25 stating that online shopping offers them with wide range of products than the physical stores apart from being less costly. 20 said that they still do not like the idea of online shopping because they either had bad experiences with it previously or is scared that things might not be easy going online. 10 of the students didnt find it necessary to answer questions properly while the other 5 stating that they are yet to try the online buying experience. The e-commerce industry is definitely growing in India and so in Hyderabad with a lot more people showing interest in it. Around 65% of the students out of 100 had valid reasons on why they go online for shopping. Table 1.Frequency Distribution of the respondents with respect to occupation: Male Students Female Students Percentage working Total Student and part time working 25 15 40 40 Student not working 35 25 60 60 60 40 Male % of students working = 25*100/60 = 41.7% Not working = 35*100/60 = 58.4% Female % of students working = 15*100/40 = 37.5% Not working = 25*100/40 = 62.5% It can be seen from the above data that 41.7% of the male students work part-time along with 37.5% of their females counterparts too which means they have the capacity to go online and shop as they have the money to do it. Out of 100 students, 40% of the total students have the capacity to buy online as they earn money on their own. At the student level, money is a factor for students who rely on their families to provide financial help. Table 2.Frequency distribution of the respondents with respect to their monthly income: Monthly Income 4000-6000 (INR) 6000-8000 (INR) 8000-10000 (INR) Total Male Students working 8 12 5 25 Female students working 10 5 0 15 40 Table 3.Frequency Distribution for Students: Income level Male Female 4000-6000 32% 66.67% 6000-8000 48% 33.33% 8000-10000 20% 0 This table depicts the percentage of students having the highest power to buy online and the group that has the lowest power to shop online in both the male and female category. Income does reflect the power of the group to purchase on a regular basis or once in a while. Table 4.Most bought products and services over the internet: Products and Services Frequency Percent Clothing, Accessories 35 35 Food, Drink 23 23 Electronic goods 14 14 Travel Tickets 25 25 Sporting goods 8 8 Household goods and grocery 5 5 Perfume, cosmetics 25 25 CD, DVD, Computer Games 10 10 The table portrays that student purchases clothing and accessories most through online which is showing as high as 35%. The next item that is being bought the most is the travel tickets, as many of the students from the mentioned university does come from different states and need to travel at times. The funny side of the story is that household goods and grocery items are the least bought items over the internet. The sole reason being in this kind of things it is better to examine the things and then buy rather than blindly purchasing it through online. One needs to nudge the quality of such products before buying. One cannot compromise with the quality factor associated with it. Table 5.Finding or knowing shopping websites: Male Female From Search Engines 33 19 Percentage (%) 55% 47.5% From Advertisements in media 22 24 Percentage (%) 36.67% 60% Recommendation from a friend 18 29 Percentage (%) 30% 72.5 From links (e-mails) 15 21 Percentage (%) 25% 52.5% The above table shows the gender classification and their ways of finding or reaching shopping websites. For male students it is search engines (55%) that yield the highest percentage whereas for females it is the recommendation from a friend (72.5%) that makes the difference. Conclusion: Standing in this 21st century, one can say that e-commerce has taken the world by storm. It has gained a lot of popularity at the global stage, though reports suggest India is still at the growth level when it comes to e-commerce business. But it is fast gaining its pace, and Hyderabad is no different. The 5 factors as stated above concludes the consumer behavior of students while going online through factors like auction websites, price, search engines and refund related matters. The e-retailers need to keep track of the ongoing changes in the e-commerce industry and the pattern of consumer behavior. The e-retailers should examine the consumer behavior on a regular basis and become accustomed to the goods and services to serve as per the needs of the consumers. Reference: Afshar Jahanshahi, A., X. Zhang, S. and Brem, A., 2013. E-commerce for SMEs: empirical insights from three countries.Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development,20(4), pp.849-865. Babbie, E.R., 2015.The practice of social research. Nelson Education. Barnes, S. and Hunt, B. eds., 2013.E-commerce and v-business. Routledge. Chatterjee, D. and Ghosal, I., 2014. E-Commerce In India Future And Its Perspective: A Study.International Journal of Scientific Research and Engineering Studies (IJSRES),1(4), pp.25-31. Chatterjee, S., 2015, October. E-Commerce in India: A review on culture and challenges. InSoft Computing Techniques and Implementations (ICSCTI), 2015 International Conference on(pp. 105-109). IEEE. Iyer, E.K., Sehgal, S., Raj, D., Saxena, K. and Panda, T., 2013. Analysis of the Convergence of Buyer and Seller Interests in e-Commerce Space. InProceedings of International Conference on Business Management IS(Vol. 2, No. 1). Kalia, P., Kaur, N. and Singh, T., 2015. E-Commerce in India: Evolution and Revolution of Online Retail.Kalia, P., Kaur, N. and Singh, pp.99-120. Kaur, J., 2014. E-Commerce: The Services on Internet in India Now.International Journal on Arts, Management and Humanities,3(1), p.30. Khan, M.R. and Uzma, K., 2013. The management of knowledge by e-commerce sites: a survey of leading portals in India.International Journal of Management,30(4), p.387. Kumar, K., 2015. Indian Online Start-ups: Can They Stand up Against the World.International Journal,3(4). Kumar, V. and Dange, U., 2014. E-retailing in India-A study of consumers Internet usage pattern, their profile and their shopping pattern.Available at SSRN 2518295. Mohapatra, S., 2013. E-commerce Strategy. InE-Commerce Strategy(pp. 155-171). Springer US. Mukherjee, S. and Michal, H., 2016. Modern Trends, Challenges and Opportunity of E-Commerce in IndiaAn Overview.Challenges and Opportunity of E-Commerce in IndiaAn Overview (June 29, 2016). Niranjanamurthy, M., Kavyashree, N., Jagannath, S. and Chahar, D., 2013. Analysis of e-commerce and m-commerce: advantages, limitations and security issues.International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer and Communication Engineering,2(6). PT JOSEPH, S.J., 2015.E-commerce: An Indian perspective. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.. Punekar, S., 2016. A Study on Customer Awareness on Return Policy Initiatives in Select E-Commerce Websites with Special Reference To Apparel Sector, in Suburbs of Mumbai, India.Suburbs of Mumbai, India (June 30, 2016). International Journal of Business Management Research (IJBMR) ISSN (P), pp.2249-6920. Saini, B., 2014. E-Commerce in India.The International Journal of Business Management,2(2), p.1. Singh, N., 2016. Electronic Commerce Industry and Industrial Economy of India.Journal for Studies in Management and Planning,2(2), pp.219-222. Thamizhvanan, A. and Xavier, M.J., 2013. Determinants of customers' online purchase intention: an empirical study in India.Journal of Indian Business Research,5(1), pp.17-32. Waghmare, G.T., 2012. E-commerce; A Business Review and Future Prospects in Indian Business.Internet Marketing in India: Indian Streams Research Journal,2, pp.1-4.

Empowered employees Essay Example For Students

Empowered employees Essay Empowered Employees a New Team ConceptBy Mary Hellinghausen and Jim MyersOne of todays biggest buzzwords is Teams. Most companies are leaning toward a team concept. One way to enforce teams is by empowering employees. Many companies striving to edge their competition are turning to the empowered employee teams initiative. Most businesses want to achieve total customer satisfaction by anticipating and solving a problem before it occurs. Thus a new kind of team has emerged with the goal of insuring customer satisfaction from the start. Empowered teams are built with empowered people whom have the authority and autonomy to make significant changes within the organization. Instead of one individual making decisions, the group or team makes decisions collectively with the middle manager position eliminated or acting as the coach. The use of these empowered teams is to solve problems, lower costs, increase quality, and ultimately improve customer satisfaction. We will write a custom essay on Empowered employees specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Throwing people together does not always mean they should be called a team. They must first be made up of the right people who understand and can define a task. The strength of the team depends on proper training, timing, and communication. The idea to change the cooperate culture must have full support from senior management. Before a team is created, the project to be completed must be defined, identify how much of empowerment is needed, and recruit the best people to work on the problem. The article mentions companies like McGraw-Hill, Motorola, and General Electric are examples of companies who empowered teams. McGraw-Hill, for example; defines a team composed of a staff member, designer, grammarian, production line personnel, and editor who serves as the team facilitator. Recruiting the right people insuring they represent the cross-section of disciplines required is very important. One person missing out of this formula can ruin a team. Motorola, a 1998 Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award Winner, has developed a culture of high standards. They conquered initiatives such as Six Sigma, Designing for Manufacturability, and Cycle Time Reduction. They are living proof that empowered people from the lowest position to highest position changes an organization dramatically. Six Sigma is a measure of quality performance on defects. It equates to 3.4 defects per 1 million opportunities. Empowered teams were a crucial element of the initiative success. General Electric Aircraft Engine Division (GEAE) brought in a team of Motorola facilitators to help them setup empowered teams for their supplier improvement program. The 300 million-dollar investment is starting to deliver 600 million to 700 million dollars in savings. The teams covered all aspects from manufacturing, engineering, to outsourcing. GEAEs end result was improved products, service, and most importantly customer satisfaction. Within every team, a cross-functioning method must be used for the team to be successful. If one of the team members is hard to get along with, they still can be beneficial to the team. Everyones input is important, the output of the team is greater than any individuals output. A strong facilitator is also needed on the team. The facilitator guides rather than leads. Usually middle management, this person is set equal to the other members of the team. The facilitator must recognize and understand each members participation, as well as, coordinate the reporting progress. In order for team to be successful, senior management must be committed to recognize the team should be put in charge. This is done only when senior management defines a specific goal for the team to strive for. Too much management can kill a team. The team might spend more time on reporting the progress than the task that needs to be completed. Middle management is the biggest obstacle for teams. To be successful, middle management must surrender its power and let the team empower themselves. Setting time limits are also important to the team success. Never let a team go beyond six months, everyday should be treated as an important day. .ubd5c26211195039ce80bd9db7c1f664b , .ubd5c26211195039ce80bd9db7c1f664b .postImageUrl , .ubd5c26211195039ce80bd9db7c1f664b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ubd5c26211195039ce80bd9db7c1f664b , .ubd5c26211195039ce80bd9db7c1f664b:hover , .ubd5c26211195039ce80bd9db7c1f664b:visited , .ubd5c26211195039ce80bd9db7c1f664b:active { border:0!important; } .ubd5c26211195039ce80bd9db7c1f664b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ubd5c26211195039ce80bd9db7c1f664b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ubd5c26211195039ce80bd9db7c1f664b:active , .ubd5c26211195039ce80bd9db7c1f664b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ubd5c26211195039ce80bd9db7c1f664b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ubd5c26211195039ce80bd9db7c1f664b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ubd5c26211195039ce80bd9db7c1f664b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ubd5c26211195039ce80bd9db7c1f664b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ubd5c26211195039ce80bd9db7c1f664b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ubd5c26211195039ce80bd9db7c1f664b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ubd5c26211195039ce80bd9db7c1f664b .ubd5c26211195039ce80bd9db7c1f664b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ubd5c26211195039ce80bd9db7c1f664b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Booty EssayTraining is also important for team to succeed. According to Eric Sakurai, a trained team member of GEAE mentions: GEAE is requiring higher-quality products from its suppliers and is willing to help them reach Six Sigma quality by providing the necessary training. Everyone in the organization including all suppliers must work together to improve customer satisfaction. Team rewards can be based on either individual performance or the team as a whole. This doesnt always mean monetary rewards; it could be peer recognition or even dinner with senior management. Implementing a team takes time and a lot of effort, but the benefits are immeasurable. Results from empowered teams show the following:dramatic results occur with committed and creative teamworkemployees become more confident and motivated through the team processBy empowering teams, companies can keep one step ahead of the competition while producing products to suit their customers needs (Hellinghausen, Myers 21-3). What drew my attention to this article is that Im a firm believer of empowering employees and setting up teams. For an organization to be successful, everyone should be involvedfrom shop personnel to upper management. Teams should not be unbalanced and, from my own past experience, management has not understood this team concept called empowerment. I agree with the article when stating that too much management can ruin a team. Management seems to be more concerned about measurement reports rather than completing the task. Not only does this ruin the teams morale but also wastes valuable time. Middle management must understand that teams are not for them to lead but rather to coach. In organizations that I have work for, this seems to be a problem. A lot of times these teams are nullified due to loss of concentration and a breakdown of communication. The end result always stands true organizations must strive to satisfy the customer. To achieve this, empowering employees in teams is a good solution. Hellinghausen, Mary and Jim Myers, Empowered Employees a New Team Concept . Industrial Management. Sept-Oct, 1998: p. 21-23. Bibliography: